The adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution using diatomite

Raw diatomite was calcined at 450 °C for dyes removal from aqueous solution. SEM and FTIR analysis show that the raw diatomite contains organic impurities, which are removed after the calcination. The impurities removal decreases the specific surface area and increases the average pore diameter of raw diatomite, while improves its adsorption capability of dyes. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics experiments of methylene blue onto calcined diatomite were then carried out to investigate the adsorption property. It shows that the adsorption capacity of methylene blue is about 50 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm was fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models, which reveals that the Redlich-Peterson isotherm is the best one. Two kinetic models, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were rearranged for expediently investigating the adsortpion mechanisms. Fitting results show that the pseudo-first-order model is better in describing the adsorption process.     

热处理条件对硅酸盐玻璃中原位形成银纳米颗粒的影响

用离子交换结合热处理法制备银(Ag)纳米颗粒-玻璃复合材料.用透射电镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、Ruthefford背散射谱和紫外-可见光吸收光谱研究了热处理条件对玻璃中原位形成Ag纳米颗粒的影响.结果显示:随着热处理温度升高,玻璃表面的Ag原子逐渐向玻璃内部扩散,其表面摩尔浓度逐渐降低.提高热处理温度和延长热处理时间都有利于提高玻璃中Ag纳米颗粒的体积分数.空气中,高温热处理高掺Ag量的白玻璃样品时发生二次成核,因此,Ag纳米颗粒尺寸呈双峰分布.Ag纳米颗粒尺寸的双峰分布导致其等离子体共振吸收峰出现双峰.在氢气气氛中,在250℃热处理2min,即可在玻璃中形成大量Ag纳米颗粒,颗粒尺寸小于空气中高温热处理样品的尺寸,从而引起表面等离子体共振吸收峰发生蓝移.     

锌酸盐镀锌层的三价铬蓝色钝化

以外观、醋酸铅点滴实验和中性盐雾实验（NSS）为评价标准，通过正交实验和单因素实验，得到了一种三价铬钝化膜的最佳工艺条件：0．1mol／L CrCl3，0．2mol／L有机羧酸CM，0．24mol／LNaNO3，0．01mol／L Co（NO3）2，8g/LNa2SiO3，pH为1．2，钝化温度为10℃，钝化时间为30s。探讨了配合物CM浓度、硝酸钠浓度、氯化铬浓度、硝酸钴浓度、硅酸钠浓度及钝化液pH、钝化温度、钝化时间的影响。在上述条件下得到的钝化膜呈蓝色，均匀，能通过48h NSS实验。     

Ag-ZnO catalysts for UV-photodegradation of methylene blue

High surface area Ag-ZnO catalysts have been made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, UV–vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy (SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) for elemental mapping. Silver metal clusters deposited directly on ZnO nanocrystals were obtained from this process. The Ag loading (1–5 at.%) controlled the Ag cluster size from 5 to 25 nm but did not influence the ZnO crystal size. Photodegradation of 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) solution was used to evaluate the performance of these FSP-made Ag-ZnO and was compared to wet-made Ag-ZnO and reference titania photocatalysts. The rate of photodegradation was optimal for Ag loading around 3 at.%. The best photocatalytic performance was exhibited by flame-made Ag-ZnO produced at the longest high-temperature residence times having high crystallinity as determined by XRD and UV–vis.     

基于SWAT模型的东江流域蓝水、绿水时空分布特征研究

基于SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型,对东江流域天然状态下的降雨径流过程进行模拟,进而评估流域蓝水、绿水的时空分布特征。结果表明:东江流域蓝水、绿水资源量都非常丰富,多年平均蓝水资源量274.67×108m3,绿水资源量178.72×108m3(主要以绿水流为主),蓝水资源是绿水资源的1.54倍。东江流域以蓝水为主的水资源构成体系主要是由流域湿热多雨的气候条件决定的。从时间变化来看,近年来东江流域蓝水资源、绿水资源、绿水流、绿水储皆无显著增加或降低趋势。从空间分布上来看,蓝水资源格局主要受降雨格局控制,而绿水资源不但受气候条件影响,还受流域下垫面的自然属性以及人类活动干扰,如土地利用方式、土壤类型等,分布格局较为复杂。     

硅钼蓝分光光度法测定化肥中可溶性硅含量

化肥中可溶性硅含量(以SiO2计)的测定,通常采用重量法和氟硅酸钾容量法(常量分析).重量法准确度高,但操作步骤繁琐;氟硅酸钾容量法对测定环境条件及操作条件要求高,用其测定低含量的SiO2容易引起较大的分析误差.笔者引入硅钼蓝分光光度法测定二氧化硅的实际含量,可解决重量法和氟硅酸钾容量法中实验要求高、测定低含量SiO2时容易出现误差大的问题.     

Photocatalytic microreactor study using TiO2-coated porous ceramics

Two kinds of porous ceramic disks, having through-holes with diameters of 0.1 and 0.05 mm, were coated with TiO₂ using two different starting solutions: titanyl(IV)acetylacetonate and a commercial titania sol (STS-01). The morphology of these porous ceramics before and after TiO₂ coating was observed by SEM. The TiO₂-coated porous ceramics were examined as honeycomb photocatalytic microreactors. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using the decomposition of methylene blue solution for radiation angles of 0° and 10° with respect to the pore axis. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained for the porous ceramic having the pore diameter of 0.1 mm, coated with titanyl(IV)acetylacetonate and irradiated with a light angle of 0° with respect to the pore axis.     

聚乙烯醇存在下耐尔蓝－铈钼、钪钼杂多酸体系连续光度测定铈和钪

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，耐尔蓝（ＮＢ）与铈钼、钪钼杂多酸络阴离子形成离子缔合物，其最大吸收均位于５８５ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光度分别为εｃｗ＝３．５２×１０６和εＳｃ＝３．５９×１０＿５Ｌ·ｍｏｌˉ１·ｃｍˉ１，铈和钪服从比耳定律的浓度范围分别为０～０．８μｇ／２５ｍｌ和０～２．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ，测定极限分别为１．３ｎｇＣｅ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝１０）和３．０ｎｇＳｃ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝７），对于０．０２μｇＣｅ／ｍｌ或０．０４μｇＳｃ／ｍｌ测定的相对标准偏差分别为２．７％（ｎ＝９）和２．８％（ｎ＝１０），离子缔合物的摩尔比分别为Ｃｅ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：６：４和Ｓｃ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：１２：３。本法用于地质标样分析，结果满意。     

Phase inversion and its effect on the properties of polyester polyurethane cationomers

Polyester polyurethane cationomers are prepared using polyester polyol of molecular weight 2000 as soft segments, N-methyl diethanolamine as chain extender, glycolic acid as quaternization agent, methyl ethyl ketone as solvent, and 4,4'-diphenylenemethylene diisocyanate (MDI) as diisocyanate. Properties of the films cast from solutions and emulsions are studied by infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile-elongation testing. Ionization can cause phase separation and produces increased cohesion in the hard domains. The dispersion process can be divided into three stages involving a separation of hard segment aggregates due to adsorption of water on their surface, water entering into hard segment microionic lattics, and finally a rearrangement of agglomerates to form microspheres. The dispersion can disrupt the order in the hard domains and an increased phase separation.     

Intercalation of methylene blue in n-alkanethiolated self-assembled monolayers: Versatile electrochemical platforms for characterizing surfactant adsorption on hydrophobic surfaces

A versatile electrochemical platform for characterizing the adsorption of neutral and positively charged surfactants on hydrophobic surfaces was established using methylene blue (MB) as the probe. As a rigid, planar and electroactive species, MB can intercalate inside the regular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-hexanethiol and exhibit well-defined electrochemical responses. The adsorption of surfactants on the hydrophobic SAMs through the intercalation interaction between the hydrophobic tails of surfactants and the SAMs might change the density of the SAMs and influence the electrochemical behaviors of MB, providing a simple but effective approach for characterizing surfactant adsorption on hydrophobic surfaces. As an example, the adsorptive behaviors of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a positively charged surfactant, and Triton X-100, a neutral surfactant, on hydrophobic surfaces were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that these surfactants generally experienced three different adsorptive behaviors: the monomer adsorption at low concentrations, the loose monolayer adsorption at intermediate concentrations and the dense monolayer adsorption at high concentrations. In the case of CTAB, a new additional submonolayer adsorptive behavior between the monomer and the loose monolayer adsorption was observed for the first time, due to its rather long hydrophobic tail.